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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to the learner-internal aspects CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they had access to were important. RIs from TS and ZL for instance, cited their local professor relationship as a key factor in their rational decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see examples 2). This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on practical core topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has numerous advantages however, it also has some disadvantages. The DCT, for example, cannot account cultural and individual differences. Furthermore 프라그마틱 카지노 is also the case that the DCT can be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or assessment. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to influence social variables related to politeness can be a strength. This can assist researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to investigate various issues that include politeness, turn taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to assess phonological complexity in learners speaking. Recent research utilized the DCT as a tool to assess the ability to resist of EFL students. Participants were presented with an array of scenarios and asked to select an appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers found the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also recommended using other methods for data collection. DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria, such as design and content. These criterion are intuitive and is based on the assumptions made by the test designers. They aren't always precise, and they could incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods of assessing refusal competence. A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email versus those gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally form-based requests and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper-intermediate who participated in DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal performance in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to defy native Korean pragmatism norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' pragmatic choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they were a sign of resistance to pragmatics. The interviewees were asked to explain their choices of behavior in a given scenario. The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic words like “sorry” or “thank you”. This was probably due to their lack experience with the target languages, which led to an insufficient understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to be more convergent towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12, the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days of the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The coding process was iterative, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine whether they reflected the actual behavior. Refusal Interviews The key issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question with various experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked to consider their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the patterns of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could create native-like patterns. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors like their personality and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, such as relational affordances. They outlined, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural standards of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties they could be subject to in the event that their local social norms were not followed. They were worried that their local friends might think they are “foreigners” and believe they are unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native speakers' pragmatic norms are not the preferred norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it is advisable for future researchers to reconsider their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will help them better understand the impact of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students from L2. This will also aid educators improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is a research method that employs in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. This method makes use of various sources of data, such as interviews, observations and documents, to prove its findings. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods. In a case study, the first step is to define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are essential for investigation and which ones are best left out. It is also beneficial to read the literature on to the subject to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and to place the case study within a wider theoretical framework. This study was conducted on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of the prompts, thereby ignoring accurate pragmatic inference. They also had an inclination to add their own text or “garbage,” to their responses, further detracting from their quality of response. Moreover, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 on their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding and their knowledge of the world. Interviewees were presented with two scenarios that involved interaction with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making a demand. The interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to get along with and refused to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they were working at a high rate, even though she believed native Koreans would.